Learning

Changing the physics: from air to liquid

Air is a thermal insulator; a dielectric liquid is a conductor. Cooling electronics by fully immersing them removes the airflow chains, stabilises junction temperatures and redirects most of the energy you buy towards useful compute. Here is how — and within what limits.

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Reasoned comparison

Air cooling vs total immersion

Scope: the cooling chain of an IT room (excluding electrical distribution and site redundancy).

Air-based architecture (the dominant reference)

  • Cooling routinely draws a significant share of the site's electricity (industry order of magnitude: ≈ 40%)
  • Heavy airflow chains: CRAH units, plenums, raised floors, cooling towers
  • Significant water consumption for evaporative or adiabatic variants
  • Hot spots and thermal instability at AI densities
  • Noise, dust, vibration and oxidation that wear out the electronics
  • Mature ecosystem, well-known operating practices

Total dielectric immersion (iDTM)

  • Real mechanical PUE < 1.02 — up to 80% less electricity
  • Zero water consumption by design (WUE = 0)
  • Stable high densities: 2 kW/U, up to 8 kW/U on iDTM AI
  • Closed environment: no dust, no humidity, no fan vibration
  • Primary interface: a hydraulic loop — connectable to a heat network
  • Operating practices to acquire; compatibility to verify equipment by equipment
What about your site's availability? The project journey qualifies the full topology — power, loops, pumps, controls and operations — to guarantee end-to-end service continuity. Qualify my site.
Progressive disclosure

Six themes, from summary to engineering detail

Open each theme to move from the simple explanation to the technical data.

Energy — converting the purchased kilowatt-hour into useful compute

In short: in an air-based architecture, a substantial share of the electricity feeds fans, compressors and air-handling units. Immersion removes most of these auxiliaries: the liquid captures heat in direct contact with the components.

Going further: the real mechanical PUE is below 1.02 (cooling share, excluding electrical distribution — measured according to ISO/IEC 30134 and EN 50600-4), for a site average PUE of 1.07. Residual auxiliary energy is limited to the circulation pumps and the control module. Embedded metering (sub-metering, timestamping) enables reporting compliant with European requirements (Directive 2023/1791 and Delegated Regulation 2024/1364).

Water — a WUE of zero by design

In short: some evaporative data centers consume tens of thousands of cubic metres of water per year. The iDTM architecture uses neither a cooling tower nor an adiabatic system: the loop is closed.

Going further: WUE = 0 L/kWh on the reference architecture. Heat rejection goes to a liquid loop (exchanger, heat network or dry cooler depending on the site); the choice of rejection architecture depends on the local climate and is part of the Site Survey.

Density — hosting AI without hot spots

In short: recent GPU servers exceed the air-cooling capacity of conventional rooms. In a dielectric bath, heat exchange in direct contact keeps junction temperatures stable, even under sustained load.

Going further: the range accommodates up to 2 kW per rack unit (U), with an upgrade kit to 4 kW/U (iEXT Cooling) and up to 8 kW/U on the iDTM AI series — with no dedicated U and no thermal limitation. The compatibility of each server (dimensions, weight, PSU, firmware, fans to remove) is established equipment by equipment: compatible, conditional or untested.

Reusable heat — from waste to resource

In short: the heat captured by the liquid is available in concentrated form in a hydraulic loop — far simpler to recover than the lukewarm air of a conventional room.

Going further: recovery (building heating, district network, industrial process) depends on the target temperature, the distance to the heat off-taker, seasonality and a contract. Each case is the subject of a separate local study; the platform collects this data in the project journey without promising a generic outcome.

Maintenance and longevity — a closed, stable environment

In short: once immersed, the electronics are no longer exposed to humidity, corrosion, oxidation, dust, static electricity or fan vibration — so many causes of wear that simply disappear.

Going further: the building-block design makes it possible to install or replace a module in ~30 minutes without taking the whole system offline (hot-swap). The MSS supervision module, physically isolated from the IT load, drives thermal regulation and pushes telemetry in real time, reducing the remote attack surface.

Life cycle — eco-design and e-waste reduction

In short: extending the life of electronics and making it easier to recycle reduces electronic waste (e-waste), the leading blind spot of digital environmental assessments.

Going further: the range applies eco-design principles: athermal materials, local sourcing where possible, modularity, end-of-life take-back and fluid regeneration. The iICE Liquid fluid is 100% biodegradable; its safety data sheet is provided with every delivery.

Control and security

The MSS module: supervise without exposing

Every system embeds a rackable supervision module (MSS), physically separated from the IT load. It drives thermal regulation, collects telemetry and pushes it to your operations tools — without ever touching application traffic or business data. This separation reduces the attack surface, simplifies audits and feeds regulatory energy reporting.

Isolated by design

Thermal control loop decoupled from the application network; separate administration.

Push-mode telemetry

Temperatures, flow rates, energy: timestamped indicators, usable for your SLOs and your reporting.

Compliance made easier

Metering aligned with ISO/IEC 30134 / EN 50600-4 to document PUE, WUE and reused heat.

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